7、過(guò)程通道故障
過(guò)程通道出現(xiàn)最多是卡件故障或就地總線故障。一種原因是卡件本身廠時(shí)間工作，元器件老化或損壞；另外，因外部信號(hào)接地或強(qiáng)點(diǎn)信號(hào)串入卡件也會(huì)導(dǎo)致通道故障?，F(xiàn)在一般卡件本身都采取了良好的隔離措施，一般情況下不會(huì)導(dǎo)致故障的擴(kuò)大，但此類故障一旦出現(xiàn)，則直接造成過(guò)程控制或監(jiān)控功能的不正常。所以要及時(shí)查明故障原因，及時(shí)進(jìn)行更換卡件。
一次原件或控制設(shè)備出現(xiàn)故障有時(shí)不能直接被操作員發(fā)現(xiàn)，只有當(dāng)參數(shù)異?；驁?bào)警時(shí)，方引起注意?？刂铺幚頇C(jī)（過(guò)程處理機(jī)）故障一般會(huì)立即產(chǎn)生報(bào)警，引起操作員注意。現(xiàn)在控制處理機(jī)基本上全是采用1：1冗余配置，其中一臺(tái)發(fā)生故障不會(huì)引起嚴(yán)重后果，但應(yīng)立即處理故障的機(jī)器。在處理過(guò)程中，絕對(duì)不可誤動(dòng)正常的處理機(jī)，否則會(huì)發(fā)生嚴(yán)重的后果。
8、人為故障
對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行維護(hù)或故障處理，有時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生認(rèn)為誤操作現(xiàn)象，這對(duì)于經(jīng)常進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)維護(hù)或新參加系統(tǒng)檢修維護(hù)的人員來(lái)說(shuō)都是會(huì)發(fā)生的。一般在修改控制邏輯、下裝軟件、重啟設(shè)備或強(qiáng)制設(shè)備，保護(hù)信號(hào)是最易發(fā)生誤操作事件。輕則導(dǎo)致部分測(cè)點(diǎn)、設(shè)備異常，重則造成機(jī)組或主要輔機(jī)設(shè)備停運(yùn)，后果是非常嚴(yán)重的。在使用的化工廠，人為誤操作發(fā)生的故障在不安全事件中占有很大比例。

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